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Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of aviation regulations under which a
aviator may operate an
aircraft in weather conditions sufficient to allow the pilot, by visual reference to the environment outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's aircraft attitude, navigate, and maintain safe separation from obstacles such as terrain, buildings, and other aircraft.
The essential collision safety principle guiding the VFR pilot is "see and avoid." Pilots flying under VFR assume responsibility for their separation from all other aircraft and are generally not assigned routes or altitudes by
air traffic control. Near busier airports, and while operating within certain types of
airspace classifications, VFR aircraft in Class B & Class C airspace are required to have a
Transponder (aviation). Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, consisting of minimum visibility, distance from clouds, and altitude to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR can be seen from a far enough distance to ensure safety.
From a regulatory perspective, airspace is categorized as controlled and uncontrolled. In controlled airspace known as Airspace class,
air traffic control (ATC) will separate VFR aircraft from all other aircraft. In most other types of controlled airspace, ATC is only required to maintain separation to aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR), but workload permitting will assist all aircraft. In the United States, a pilot operating VFR outside of class B airspace can request "VFR traffic following" from air traffic control (ATC). This service is provided by ATC if workload permits it, but is an advisory service only. The responsibility for maintaining separation with other aircraft and proper navigation still remains with the pilot.
meteorology conditions that meet the minimum requirements for VFR flight are termed visual meteorological conditions (VMC). If they are not met, the conditions are considered instrument meteorological conditions, and a flight may only operate under
IFR.
IFR operations have specific training, recency of experience, equipment, and inspection requirements for both the pilot and aircraft, and an IFR flight plan, must usually be filed in advance. For efficiency of operations, some ATC operations will routinely provide "pop-up" IFR clearances for aircraft operating VFR, but that are arriving at an airport that does not meet VMC requirements. For example, in the United States, at least California's Oakland (
KOAK), Monterey (
KMRY) and Santa Ana (John Wayne,
KSNA) airports do so routinely when a low coastal overcast forces
instrument approach while essentially the entire state of California is basking in sunshine.
In the United States, VFR pilots also have an option for requesting Special VFR when meteorological conditions at an airport are below normal VMC minimums, but above Special VFR requirements. Special VFR is only intended to enable takeoffs and landings from airports that are near to VMC conditions, and may only be performed during daytime hours if a pilot does not possess an Instrument rating.
VFR flight is not allowed in airspace known as
Airspace class, regardless of the meteorological conditions. In the United States, class A airspace begins at 18,000 feet Sea level, and extends to altitudes that can safely be considered near space.
Pilot Certifications
In the United States and Canada, any certificated pilot who meets specific recency of experience criteria, may operate an airworthy aircraft under VFR.
Controlled Visual Flight Rules
CVFR flight is used in locations where aviation authorities have determined that VFR flight should be allowed, but that Air Traffic Control separation minimal and guidance are necessary. In this respect, CVFR is similar to Instrument flight rules (IFR) in that ATC will give pilots headings and altitudes at which to fly, and will provide separation and conflict resolution. However, pilots and aircraft do not need to be IFR rated to fly in CVFR areas, which is highly advantageous. An example of airspace where CVFR is common would be
Canadian airspace airspace.
The CVFR concept is used in Canada and certain European countries, but not in the
United States, where the
Pilot certification in the United States#Private pilot itself authorizes the pilot to accept clearances under VFR.
See also
Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of aviation regulations under which a
aviator may operate an aircraft in weather conditions sufficient to allow the pilot, by visual reference to the environment outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's
aircraft attitude, navigate, and maintain safe separation from obstacles such as terrain, buildings, and other aircraft.
The essential collision safety principle guiding the VFR pilot is "see and avoid." Pilots flying under VFR assume responsibility for their separation from all other aircraft and are generally not assigned routes or altitudes by
air traffic control. Near busier airports, and while operating within certain types of airspace classifications, VFR aircraft in Class B & Class C airspace are required to have a
Transponder (aviation). Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, consisting of minimum visibility, distance from clouds, and altitude to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR can be seen from a far enough distance to ensure safety.
From a regulatory perspective, airspace is categorized as controlled and uncontrolled. In controlled airspace known as
Airspace class, air traffic control (ATC) will separate VFR aircraft from all other aircraft. In most other types of controlled airspace, ATC is only required to maintain separation to aircraft operating under
instrument flight rules (IFR), but workload permitting will assist all aircraft. In the United States, a pilot operating VFR outside of class B airspace can request "VFR traffic following" from air traffic control (ATC). This service is provided by ATC if workload permits it, but is an advisory service only. The responsibility for maintaining separation with other aircraft and proper navigation still remains with the pilot.
meteorology conditions that meet the minimum requirements for VFR flight are termed
visual meteorological conditions (VMC). If they are not met, the conditions are considered
instrument meteorological conditions, and a flight may only operate under IFR.
IFR operations have specific training, recency of experience, equipment, and inspection requirements for both the pilot and aircraft, and an IFR
flight plan, must usually be filed in advance. For efficiency of operations, some ATC operations will routinely provide "pop-up" IFR clearances for aircraft operating VFR, but that are arriving at an airport that does not meet VMC requirements. For example, in the United States, at least California's Oakland (
KOAK), Monterey (KMRY) and Santa Ana (John Wayne, KSNA) airports do so routinely when a low coastal overcast forces
instrument approach while essentially the entire state of California is basking in sunshine.
In the United States, VFR pilots also have an option for requesting Special VFR when meteorological conditions at an airport are below normal VMC minimums, but above Special VFR requirements. Special VFR is only intended to enable takeoffs and landings from airports that are near to VMC conditions, and may only be performed during daytime hours if a pilot does not possess an Instrument rating.
VFR flight is not allowed in airspace known as Airspace class, regardless of the meteorological conditions. In the United States, class A airspace begins at 18,000 feet
Sea level, and extends to altitudes that can safely be considered near space.
Pilot Certifications
In the United States and Canada, any certificated pilot who meets specific recency of experience criteria, may operate an airworthy aircraft under VFR.
Controlled Visual Flight Rules
CVFR flight is used in locations where aviation authorities have determined that VFR flight should be allowed, but that Air Traffic Control separation minimal and guidance are necessary. In this respect, CVFR is similar to
Instrument flight rules (IFR) in that ATC will give pilots headings and altitudes at which to fly, and will provide separation and conflict resolution. However, pilots and aircraft do not need to be IFR rated to fly in CVFR areas, which is highly advantageous. An example of airspace where CVFR is common would be Canadian airspace airspace.
The CVFR concept is used in Canada and certain European countries, but not in the United States, where the Pilot certification in the United States#Private pilot itself authorizes the pilot to accept clearances under VFR.
See also
- Instrument flight rules (IFR)
- Special visual flight rules
- Night visual flight rules
- Barany chair
- ADS-B
Visual flight rules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of aviation regulations under which a pilot may operate an aircraft in weather conditions sufficient to allow the pilot, by visual reference to ...
Guide to Visual Flight Rules in the UK
1 Guide to Visual Flight Rules in the UK Contents Page Introduction Aeronautical Information Airspace Classifications and Visual Flight Rules Aerodrome Traffic Zones (ATZs ...
PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED KINGDOM RULES OF THE AIR REGULATIONS ...
proposed amendment to the united kingdom rules of the air regulations 1996 – rules 25 and 26 visual flight rules to introduce
VISUAL FLIGHT FORUMS
Please visit the Visual Flight Forums for a ... Visual Flight news and announcements. 40: 49: 20 Jul 2008 08:54:17 by: crozzy : Using the forums Rules, information and advice for forum users. ...
VFR flight
Visitors to this page. 28 August, 2001 © 2001 Hal Stoen. VFR FLIGHT. OK, VFR AS OPPOSED TO WHAT? VFR as opposed to "IFR". This is one time that aviation does get simple.
Day Visual Flight Rules - What does DVFR stand for? Acronyms and ...
Acronym Definition; DVFR: Day Visual Flight Rules: DVFR: Defense Visual Flight Rule?
Cancel VFR (Visual Flight Rules) Flight Plan - What does CVFP stand ...
Acronym Definition; CVFP: Cancel VFR (Visual Flight Rules) Flight Plan: CVFP: Charted Visual Flight Procedure?
Visual Flight Rules
Visual Flight Rules. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are the set of rules concerning aircraft flight where the pilot is primarily or exclusively responsible for the observation and ...
SVFR
Acronym Finder: SVFR stands for Special Visual Flight Rules ... Citations. MLA style: "SVFR." Acronym Finder. 2008. AcronymFinder.com 13 Aug. 2008 http://www.acronymfinder.com ...
IVFRC
Acronym Finder: IVFRC stands for In Visual Flight Rules Conditions ... Suggest new definition. This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder ...
